The cases and the markers of Bhumij
are given below:
|
|
1. |
Nominative
case : - |
O
|
|
2. |
Accusative case
: - |
te |
|
3. |
Dative case : - |
te, ta?te |
|
4. |
Ablative case :
- |
tea, ta?tea |
|
5. |
Locative case :
- |
re |
|
6. |
Associative
case : - |
lo |
|
7. |
Instrumental
case : - |
te |
|
8. |
Possessive case
: - |
a, -rea, -ren |
|
Here the cases are illustrated with examples :
O
|
4.1.7.1. |
Nominative case: Nominative
case marker is zero. This is the case of the subject of a sentence. The
various kinds of subjects and their occurence in the sentence may be seen in
the chapter 5-6.
|
| 1. |
aiŋ ir- tan -a
-iŋ |
|
| |
Icut tense cop -PT |
‘I am reaping’ |
| 2. |
ako duraŋ - tan
- a - ko |
|
| |
They sing - tense cop-PT |
‘They are singing’ |
| 3. |
Soma sen - ken - a |
|
| |
go - tense - cop |
|
| |
‘Soma has gone’ |
|
|
4.1.7.2
|
Accusative case
|
|
The Accusative case marker is -ke. This case marker is
added to the Direct object in a sentence. The inanimate direct object cannot
take the case marker. In some cases, the marker is added after the number
marker.
|
|
1.
|
a?e |
a?e-a |
ku i-ke |
auli-a |
|
he |
he-case |
wife-case |
brought-cop. |
| |
‘He brought his wife’ |
|
|
2.
|
a?e
|
sad m-ta-ke
|
auli-a |
|
he |
horse-num-case |
brought-cop |
|
|
|
|
3.
|
a?e
|
sadm-ko-ke
|
auli-a |
|
he |
horse-pl-case |
brought-cop |
|
|
|
4. ako |
baba-ko |
ir-l-a |
| they |
paddy-pl |
cut-tense-cop |
| |
‘They reaped the paddy’ |
|
Here there is no case marker added with the noun baba; only
the plural marker is added. The sentence may be ungrammatical if the case
marker is added.
|
|
|
|
6.
|
aiŋ
|
moyon |
bi |
ol-l-a-iŋ |
|
I |
one |
book |
tense-cop-PT |
|
|
|
4.1.7.
|
Dative Case
|
There are two case markers to express the dative case
relation. They are -te and -ta?te. The dative tells about the indirect
object in a sentence. This may be possible to say that there is only one
marker to express the dative case, the marker -te. In the case of animate
direct object, the marker -ta? ‘at’ is added with the dative case marker.
So, the marker ta?te occurs with animate indirect object and -te occurs with
inanimate indirect object. This case gives the meaning ‘to’ or ‘towards’.
This may be seen in the following examples :
|
1. a?e |
ale-ta?te |
hi?i-jan-a |
| he |
we case |
come-tense-cop |
|
|
|
