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6.10.4.

Coordinate sentences

1. Two or more identical constituents may be joined to make coordinated constituents. When the conjoined constituents are sentences, then the coordinate sentences are formed. In Bhumij, with the help of the conjuctive particle -ar, conjunctionis made. The conjunctive particle occurs after the end of the first constituent if there are two constituents; if there are more thantwo constituents to be coordinated, then the conjunctive particle occurs before the last constituent.

1.	a?e	duraŋ-ked-a	ar	a?e-a	misi	susun	- jan-a
	he	sing - past-cop	and	he - case	sister	dance	-past-cop

‘He sang and his sister danced’.

2.	a?emai	-jom-ked-a	ar	a?e-	a	suŋgu:ti
	he rice	eat-past cop	and	he -	case	friend

	ili	nu	-ked	-a
	liquor	drink	-past	cop

‘He ate rice and his friend drank liquor’

2. The conjuctive particle ‘ar’ is used to conjoin other constituents as well such as NPs, VPs and adjectives.

1. Conjoined Noun phrases :

3.	soma	ar	suni	japagar	len-a-kin
	Soma	and	Suny	talk	past-cop-dual.

‘Soma and Suny talked’

4.	suni	ar	soma	duraŋ	- l -a -kin
	Suny	and	Soma	sing	-past-cop-dual

‘Suny and Soma sang’.

5.	suni	ar	soma	duraŋ	- ta?t-a - kin
	Suny	and	Soma	sing	asp-cop-dual.

‘Suny and Soma have sung’.

6.	soma,	suni	ar	kuni	japagar	- len - a -ko
	Soma	Suny	and	Kuny	talk	-past-cop-pl.

‘Sma, Suny and Kuny talked’

2. Conjoined verb phrases :

When the verb phrases are identical, one of the verb phrases is deleted and the noun phrases are conjoined together with the help of the conjunctive marker.

7.	suni	duraŋ - l - a	ar	soma	duraŋ	l-a
	suni	ar	soma	duraŋ - l	-a	kin
	Suny	and	Soma	sing	- past	-cop-dual

‘Suny and Soma sang’

suni

duraŋ

- le?t-a

soma

duraŋ

-let-a

suni

soma

duraŋ

- le?t-a-kin

sing

-asp

- cop

dual

‘Suny and Soma had sung’.

suni

soma

duraŋ

ta?t-a-kin

sing

asp

-cop

-dual

‘Suny and Soma have sung’

3. Conjoined adjectives :

10.	suni	ar	soma	mon	-g	-i-a-kin
	Suny	and	Soma	similar	-present	- dual

‘Suny and Soma are similar’

4. When the sentence are conjoined, there is reduction of identical elements. When the verb phrases of the conjoined sentences are identical, one of the verb phrases is dropped and oge ‘also’ is added in the second verb phrase which follows the conjunctive particle.

11.

suni

duraŋ

- le?t-a

soma

duraŋ

le?t-a

suni

duraŋ

- le?t-a

soma

oge