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m ajimsune hojalopa ajimanu  
he cultivate-p.t. conce. yield  
   
jmane ‘even though he cultivated paddy he could not get good yield’
go-neg.-p.t.  
   
m mi aki mi bibsne hojalopa m  
he acc. dog acc. give-p.t. conce. he  
   
hembyobma be happy-neg.
‘even though he gave him a dog, he was not happy’  
Causal Constructions
Causal clauses are derived from underlying sentential structures. The occurence of the caused event depends on the causing event given in the causal clause. Causal clause occurs in the sentence initial position followed by the between the component sentences.
o acido hopa o api dma ‘because I am sick I did not eat rice’
I sick-exist cau. rice eat-neg.  
   
m acido hopa m hospital ine ‘because he is sick, he went to hospital’
he sick-exist cau. he hospital go-p.t.  
   
m mi mxagko hopa dambne ‘because he leads a wrong life he was beaten’
he acc. do wrong cau. beat-p.t.  
   
m mdo hoko hopa ago ho lilama ‘because of rain he could not go out’
he rain fall cau. out loc. go out-neg.  
   
Adverbial Clause
Underlying sentential structures of adverbial clause in Apatani contains noun phrases that are co referential to the matrix NP. Hence, the embedded NP is deleted. The clause functions as a part of the verb phrase and is complementary to the main verb. The adverbial clauses are formed by adding ‘la/lala’ the embedded verb.
m tala so ane ‘he, having drunk the beer, came here’
he beer drink-adv. here come-p.t.  
   
m uyi bone lulala ine 'having told the story, he went’
he story one tell-adv. go-p.t.  
Passive Constructions :
Passive constructions are formed in Apatani by adding ‘ko’ to the verb and the instrumental marker ‘lo’ to the subject NP of the active sentence which loses its subject status as a result of passivization. When active sentences are passivesed either the direct object or the indirect object can take the subject position in the passive sentence.
 

 

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