Another
conjoined marker ‘la’ also is used in Apatani, in addition to the
‘nyi’. The conjoined marker ‘la’ which can occur with every noun
in the conjoined noun phrase is used when there are more nouns in
the conjoined Noun Phrase. But all the ‘la’ marking except in the
final noun can be deleted optionally. There are instances where
‘hela’ is used in the place ‘la’ with the meaning that they are
mixed and not separate groups. |
ny mi
(hela) hime hela
‘boy and girl’
yalyo (la) tadela
‘Yalyo and Tadde’
yalyo, yabo, yalar la
‘Yalyo, Yabo and Yalar’
yalyo, yabo, yalar ho tade la
‘Yalyo, Yabo, Yalar and Tadde;
|
|
Sentence
Conjunction :Conjunction is that process by which two or more
sentences are conjoined to transform them into a single sentence.
In Apatani, this is done using the conjoining marker ‘ho’. |
(a) yami poisa labne
ho yari pulye
Yami paise take-p.t. and Yari cloth labne
take-p.t.
‘Yami took money and Yari clothes’
(b) taki bsine
ho tala ´ nasusone
Taki sing-p.t. and Talang dance-p.t.
‘Taki sang and Talang danced’
|
|
Sentences
of the above type can be related to sentences below : |
(c.i) yami poisa labine
Yami paisa
take-p.t.
‘Yami took
paise’ (c.ii) yari pulye labine
Yari cloth take-p.t.
‘Yari took cloth’
|
|
Sentence
(a) is derived by the process of conjunction from the component
sentences (c.i) and (c.ii). Similarly the component sentences of
(b) are also simple sentences like (c).Disjunctive constructions
are formed using the ‘jalo’ added to the elements. |
m
jalo tagru jalo adyido
he disj. Tagru disj. come-exist.
‘he or Tagru will come’ n
 m
i akimi jalo ami mi jalo
you me dog-acc. disj. cat acc. disj.
bipe.
give-imp.
‘you give me cat or dog’
|
|
When
verbs are disjoined, another verb will also appear in the sentence
final position. There are a set of verbs that can take the final
position. They are - mi ‘do’, du ‘exist’,
etc. They function as empty verbs since they do not effect any meaning
change. Their function is limited and the tense marker occur with
them. |
