| 7. VERBS |
| 7.0. Verb is a class of words inflected for the categories of tense and/or mood. Verb stems may either be simple or complex. A simple stem consists only of a root. A complex stem has a root followed by one or more derviational or formative elements. The inflected verbs may be divided into finite and non-finite verbs. The finite verbs are predicates of main clauses and inflected for person, number and gender in the indicative mood. Non-finite verbs are predicates of subordinate clauses and like finite verbs they are not inflected. |
|
To determine the stem in verbal form it is convenient to follow a procedure like the following:
|
|
If a suffixless second person singular imperative occurs as a free form, that may be taken as indentical with the stem itself. If a suffix for the second person singular imperative occurs, the stem can be identified with that form minus the imperative suffix.
|
|
For instance, the following suffixless second person singular imperative forms are identical with the stem.
|
|
/un/ |
‘drink’ |
|
/tin/ |
‘eat’ |
|
/ta:/ |
‘bring’ |
|
/han/ |
‘go’ |
|
/ta:s/ |
‘keep’ |
|
/man/ |
‘be, live’ |
|
|
From the forms given below if the suffix is substracted, the residual forms are identical with the stem.
|
|
|
Stem |
| /uda:/ |
‘sit’ |
/ud/ |
| /wa:ra:/ |
‘sing’ |
/wa:r/ |
/wa ka:/ |
‘speak’ |
/wak/ |
| /ke:nja:/ |
‘listen’ |
/ke:nj/ |
| /da:ya:/ |
‘go along’ |
/da:y/ |
| /ki:m/ |
‘do’ |
/ki:/ |
| /o:ym/ |
‘carry |
/o:y/ |
| /hi:m/ |
‘give’ |
/hi:/ |
| /arm/ |
‘fall’ |
/ar/ |
| /paym/ |
‘hold’ |
/pay/ |
|
