| 9. CLITICS |
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These are a class of syntactic markers of one or two syllables which enter into construction with words, phrases or clauses. Clitics have mobility of words, unlike derivational or inflectional morphemes which are limited in occurrence to particular classes of stems. The signal many modalities like, interrogation, emphasis, reportative, intensity, etc. The clitics are of two kinds.
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| (i) Free clitics and |
| (ii) Bound clitics. |
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Free clitics are independent in their occurrence whereas bound clitics occur only with demonstrative and interrogative pronouns.
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| 9.1.0. Free Clitics |
| 9.1.1. aru: |
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Gives the meaning ‘and’ which connects phrases and clauses.
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nanna: aru: nimma: |
‘I and you’ |
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ad aru: id |
‘that and this’ |
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tinda:na: aru un·a:na: |
‘eating and drinking, etc.’ |
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| 9.1.2. al |
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Denote requests, asking one to get ready, etc.
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al al.pa: a: beha: |
‘yes, yes. sing a song’ |
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| 9.1.3. ale: |
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Gives the reportative meaning and used in framing tag questions.
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wa:tur ale:? |
‘he came, is n’t it?’ |
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hatur ale:? |
‘he went. is n’t it?’ |
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titur ale:? |
‘he ate. is n’t it? |
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| 9.14. be:he: |
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It is used in questions to express doubt or uncertainty.
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wo:r watur be:he? |
‘he came, did he?’ |
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gu tur be:he:? |
‘he slept, did he?’ |
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ad ga:o: aa: behe:? |
‘she cooked food, did she?’ |
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