2.2.1.1. Urali Vowel Phonemes |
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Non-Central-ised |
Centra-lised |
Non-Centra-lised |
Centra-lised |
Non-Centra-lised |
Centra-lised |
High |
i, i: |
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u, u: |
ü, ü: |
Mid |
e, e: |
ë ë |
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o, o: |
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Low |
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a, a: |
ä ä |
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2.2.1.2. Urali Consonant Phonemes |
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BILABIAL |
LABIO-DENTAL |
DENTAL |
ALVEOLAR |
RETROFLX |
PALATAL |
VELAR |
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vl |
vd |
vl |
vd |
vl |
vd |
vl |
vd |
vl |
vd |
vl |
vd |
vl |
vd |
Plosives |
p |
b |
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t |
d |
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R* |
![](images/tsdot.gif) |
![](images/ddowndot.gif) |
c |
j |
k |
g |
Fricatives |
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s |
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Nasals |
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m |
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n |
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![](images/nsdotb.gif) |
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Latarals |
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l |
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![](images/lsdot.gif) |
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Trills |
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r |
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Semivowels |
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v |
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y |
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* Though the pre alveolar voiced plosive /R/ is treated as a plosive, it has the tinge of trill. Thus, one may also offer an alternative phonetic description for this as tense (hard) trill as opposed to /r/ which is transcribed as an alveolar trill. |
The description of this sound however closely resembles that of plosive sounds rather than the alveolar trill. In that while both /r/ and /R/ occur initially just as other plosive phonemes, it is only /R/ that is geminated in the medial position just as other plosives. |