| 4.19 Complex Verb Stems |
| A complex verb stem consists of a main verb and one or more auxiliary verbs added either to the verbal participle or to the infinitive form of the main verb. The complex verb forms with verbal participle are called aspects and the forms with the infinitive are called modale1. |
| Aspectual Verbs |
| In Urali, there are in total seven aspectual auxiliary verbs identified and they are capable of giving different aspectual notions when used in sentences. The aspectual auxiliary verbs and the various notions expressed by them are given in brief below. |
| -iru- |
‘perfective’ |
| -vey- |
‘utility’ |
-ka: - |
‘demonstrational’ |
-mu i- |
‘completive’ |
| -vi- |
‘definitive’ |
| -po:- |
‘accidental’ |
-[k]o iru |
‘durative’ |
| ModalsThe three ‘modals’ identified are listed below with their respective ‘modal’ notions. |
|
| -oum- |
‘obligatory’ |
| -mui- |
‘potential’ |
| -muiya:d- |
‘negative potential’ |
| 4.19.1 Aspects |
| MV - Aux1 Aux2 |
| VP |
| 4.19.1.1. Perfective |
| The auxiliary verb -iru- is used to denote the perfective notion of the sentence. |
| {-iru} |
| ~ -iru |
ki:t-in-Ø-iru-k-en
(5.1,20,10,24) |
> |
ki:ttirukke |
‘I have torn’ |
| uni-t-Ø-iru-k-an (5.1,22) |
> |
unittirukkä |
‘he had thought’ |
var-nd-Ø-iru-k-e:m
(5.3,1,19) |
> |
vandirukke:mu |
‘we had come’ |
