| 3.8.1.3 ~-e occurs elsewhere. |
| avan-e |
> |
avane |
`he’ (Acc.) |
o:
u-e |
> |
o:de |
`tile’ (Acc.) |
| ka:
u-e |
> |
ka:
e |
`forest’ (Acc.) |
| pu:-e (5.14) |
> |
pu:ve |
`flower’ (Acc.) |
| kattu-e (5.10) |
> |
katte |
‘neek’ (Acc.) |
| kokku-e (5.10) |
> |
kokke |
`beak of a bird’ (Acc.) |
| ni:r-e |
> |
ni:re |
‘water’ (Acc.) |
| ge
a-tt-e (5.11) |
> |
ge
a:tte |
‘jaw’ (Acc.) |
ge u-e (5.10), |
> |
gee |
‘node’ (Acc.) |
| gu:a:ra-tt-e (5.11) |
> |
gu:a:ra:tte |
‘tent’ (Acc.) |
| mara-tt-e (5.11) |
> |
mara:tte |
‘tree’ (Acc.) |
| i) na:nu nä:RRu a:ve:lene se:de. |
| `I did that work yesterday’ |
| ii) rä:jä si:mene a: ½ugä. |
| ‘Kind is ruling the country’ |
| iii) i: ve:lene ä:ru se:ga:ru ? |
| ‘who is doing this work?’ |
| iv) na:nu kuruviye kolluge. |
| ‘I am killing the bird’ |
| v) o: Rakka avane re:sä lekkä. |
| `Tomorrow Resan will call him’ |
| vi) avä ka:·e u:gä. |
| ‘He is ploughing the land’ |
| vii) ‘ava ni:re kela:kkina. |
| ‘She stirred the water’ |
| 3.8.2. Instrumental Case |
| Instrumental case has a total of four suffixes namely -dara, -kku ~ -i, -li and -ili. The suffix -kku always occurs in free variation with the suffix -i. Nouns while taking the instrumental case suffix -kku, the final vowel of the noun gets lengthened and the case marker is added to that; but while taking the case suffix -i, the noun stem is inflected to the inflectional increment -tt- before the case suffix is added.
It is observed that the suffixes -i, -li and -ili denote locative meaning also. |
| {-dara} |
 -dara, ~ -kku -i, ~ -li, ~ -ili |
