3.7.3.  -n- occurs elsewhere. |
| avan-n-dara (5.22) |
> |
avändara |
‘he’. (Inst.) |
| lingan-n-dara (5.22) |
> |
lingändara |
‘Lingan’ (Inst.) |
| päli-n-dara |
> |
pälindara |
‘Pali’ (Inst.) |
go i-n-dara |
> |
goindara |
‘lustful woman’ (Inst.) |
| puli-n-dara |
> |
pulindara |
‘tigar’ (Inst.) |
| 3.8. Cases |
| There are a total of ten cases in Urali. They are, nominative, accusative, instrumental, sociative, dative, ablative, genitive, locative, purposive and vocative. With an exception of the nominative case, all the other cases are overtly marked with case suffixes. The primary form of the noun itself will act as the nominative case. |
| Vocative case acts in a different manner when compared to the other cases. In other words, pronouns while taking vocative case will not form an oblique base, rather, the vocative case suffix is directly added to the pronoun as well as to the other noun stems. |
| Certain homophonous case suffixes denoting different cases are also noticed in the Urali case system. For example, dative, purposive and insturmental have -kku and locative and instrumental have -li, -i as well as -ili as homophonous case suffixes to denote different case relationships |
| The following table indicates the different case suffixes used in Urali. |
| Cases |
Markers |
| Nominative |
----- |
| Accusative |
-ne, -ye, -e |
| Instrumental |
-dara, -kku ~ -i, -li, -ili |
| Sociative |
-o:  ukku, -o:·e |
| Dative |
-kku, -kke |
| Ablative |
-iruddu, -liruddu, -iliruddu |
| Genitive |
-a, -ttu |
| Locative |
-i, -li, -ekke, ili, -kke |
| Purposive |
-kku, -ka:kku |
| Vocative |
lengthening of the final vowel |
| 3.8.1. Accusative Case |
| Accusative case in Urali is marked by three suffixes. They are, -ne, -ye and -e |
| {-e} |
| ~ -ne, ~ -ye, ~ -e |
| 3.8.1.1. ~ -ne occurs after the stems ending in -e, -ä and -ä: |
ė e-ne |
‘oil’ (Acc.) |
ė e-ne |
‘cave’ (Acc.) |
|
