(the) girl

is

tall
1 3 2

bucha

naqpo

d
uk
1 2 3

(the) boy

is

black
1
 
3
 
2
 
      As it has already been pointed out in (3.2.2.4.1.) there are two kinds of forms : (i) bound and (ii) free. men is used as a free negative form whenever the positive sentence with BE verb is present tense and when the NP is predicate.
 
NP NP in
 
kho ra:ma in
1 2 3

he

is

 Rama
1 3 2

kho

ra:ma

men
1 2 3

he

is     not

Rama
1         3 2

kho

bucha

in
1 2 3

he

is

(a) boy
1 3    2

kho

bucha

men
1 2 3

he

is     not

(a)  boy
1
 
         3
 
       2
 
If the tense is past, then men occurs before the tense markar.
 
kho rgyalpoik inmin
1 2 3  4

he

was

(a) king
1 3+4 2

kho

rgyalpoik

menmin
1 2  3 4

he

was  not

 a  king
1
 
4       3
 
      2
 
     In the present tense, the negative form men replaces in. In the case of past tense also, men replaces in but precedes the past teense min. This can be shown as
 
NP NP in ®

NP NP men

NP NP in + past ®

NP NP men + past

     The form duk occurs whenever the adjective is in the predicate position. If the sentence is NP Adj BE, the form duk occupies the BE verb position. The form min is used as the negative. In the negative sentences, the form min precedes duk whether the tense is present tense or past tense.
 
NP Adj duk ®

NP Adj minduk

NP Adj duk + past ®

NP Adj minduk + past

kho rdamo duk
1       2      3

 
 

Previous

Next

Top

 
Purki Index Page
 
FeedBack | Contact Us | Home
ciil grammar footer