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4.2. |
Sentence Types
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4.2.1.
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Declaratives |
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4.2.1.1. |
Imperative
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A sentence generally consists of a noun phrase
which functions as the subject of the sentence and a verb phrase
which functions as the predicate of the sentence. But imperative
sentences do not have explicit subject. The traditional
grammarians say that the second person is understood as the
subject of the sentence. In Purki, the verb roots occur as the
imperative sentences (Refer to 3.2.2.4.2. for the details
regarding the morphological nature of imperative verbs).
|
| diri
|
yo |
|
|
| 1 |
2 |
|
|
come |
here |
|
|
| 2 |
1 |
|
|
goncaun |
khyo
|
|
|
| 1 |
2 |
|
|
bring (the) |
clothes |
|
|
| 2 |
1 |
|
|
askia |
sku:lla |
yo |
|
| 1 |
2 3 |
4 |
|
come |
to (the) |
school |
tomorrow |
4
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
|
The hearer understands that the subject referred fto in
these sentences is second person whenever these utterances are
uttered. But in the actual utterances we do not find the second
person pronoun as the subject. By examining these sentences, we
do not have any evidence to substantiate the claim that the
second person is the subject of the imperative sentences.
However consider the following sentences.
|
| diri |
yozu |
|
| 1 |
2 3 |
|
come-hon. |
here |
|
| 2
3 |
1 |
|
e oqo um
|
zbri˛u |
|
| 1
2 |
3 4 |
|
write-hon. |
those letters |
|
| 3
4 |
1
2 |
|
phista |
so˛u |
|
| 1 |
2 3 |
|
go |
out-hon. |
|
2
|
1
3
|
|
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The suffix -˛u
with the verbs in these sentences denotes that the person
addressed to is equal or higher in social status. In other
words, the subject is second person honorific singular. -˛u
is the suffix which agrees in person, number and gender with the
subject of the sentence. Sentences such as
|
* kho diri |
yo˛u |
* kho |
sil˛u |
* a |
zbri˛u |
|
are ungrammatical.
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In reflexive constructions, both the subject noun
phrase and object noun phrase are identical, though the subject
noun phrase is deleted in the actual sentence. In reflexive
imperative constructions, the sentences with the first and third
persons as the object noun phrase are not accepted as
grammatical. However the second person as the object noun phrase
is accepted as grammatical.
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