|
moy jabo lagise itu nimite
jayse
‘I had to go so I went’
moy jabo lagise kintu jay n y
‘I was to go but did not go’
puni kiman lobole mon se
himan lobo pare
‘You may take as much as you like’
moy naha homati n
jabi |
| |
1 2
3 4 5 6
7 |
| |
‘Until I come do not go’ |
| |
(lit. I no come till no go
imp) |
| |
sualitu kowise tay mo so
khayse |
| |
1 2
3 4 5
6 |
| |
‘The girl said that she ate
meat’ |
| |
2
1 3
4 6 5 |
| |
|
The absence of markers can
occur with sentences having two principal clauses, as in :
|
| |
Konuba daor
konuba chota
‘Some are big some are small’ |
| |
1
2 3
4 |
| |
puni jabi moy yate rukibo |
| |
1
2 3 4 5 6
7 |
| |
‘You please go I will remain
here’ |
| |
1
3 2 4 7
6 5 |
| |
The next section discusses
the sentence pattern.
|
| 3.7. |
Sentences
|
| 3.7.1 |
Types of
Sentences: |
The sentences
occurring in this language may in the first instance be sub-divided
into two types, viz., minor types of sentences.
|
| 3.7.1.1. |
Minor Types of
Sentences:
|
The minor types
of sentences in this language consist of one word utterances
expressing surprise fear, etc., which are traditionally considered as
interjections. In addition one or two word positive or negative
answers to questions also form the minor type of sentences in this
language. Minor types of sentences in this language are extremely
limited. Some of them are listed below:
|
| |
| oh ‘oh’ |
hoy |
‘yes’ |
| aba (expression of surprise) |
nhoy |
‘no’ |
| chih (expression of
disgust) |
oh nhoy |
‘oh no’, etc. |
|
3.7.12. |
Major types of Sentences:
|
The major types of sentences in this
language can be classified according
to their structural complexity as simple or complex. Complex sentences are
made up of a number of sentences, which when incorporated as constituents of
larger sentences are called clauses.
Thus:
|
| |
moy njayle tay nhibo
‘If I do not he/she will not come |
| |
is an example of a complex sentence.
|
Depending upon whether the
constituents of the complex sentence shows a
coordinate relationship or one constituent being super-ordinate and others
showing a subordinate relation, the complex sentences can be further
sub-divided into two, viz. complex and compound sentences. A description of
each of these follows:
|
| 3.7.1.2.1. |
Simple Sentences:
|
Any sentence having a principal clause alone is a simple sentence in this
language. Functionally, a simple sentence is made up of two parts, viz., a
subject and a predicate. The subject is necessarily a noun or a pronoun
standing for anoun and the prdicate falls into one of the three types viz.,
(i) intransitive verb, (ii) transitive verb with its object and (ii) a
copula with its complement. The object like the subject must necessarily be
a noun/pronoun. The complement must be either a noun or an adjective. The
illustrative examples of each of these are given below:
|
| |
|
Subject |
Predicate |
|
| (i) suali |
jayse |
‘the girl went’ |
| tay |
jayse |
‘he/she went’ |
| (ii) moy |
sualik dikhise |
‘I saw the girl’ |
| (iii) tay |
gor daor
hobo |
‘his/her house
will be big’ |
| tay |
khetimanu
hobo |
‘he will be a peasant’ |
| moy |
duy suali se |
‘I have two
daughters’, etc. |
|
Word-order:
|
In terms of the word-order, a simple sentence in this language would have
the word-order of : subject, object, verb (sov) or subject, complement
copula (scc).
|
