(197)
/cyį1   cimymla2/ `[someone (specific) said that]2 `he1   is   not   sleepy2’
When an event once reported is reported again, the morpheme /-ha/ is suffixed to the verb before the morpheme /-la/. It indicates that the event is a much-reported one and, as such, its validity is doubtful and that its origin is obscure. Generally it refers to an unsubstantiated rumor. Consider the sentences
(198)
/karasohala/ `It is said that it rained’
(199)
/kwįg1   wąhala2/ (it is said that)2   the dog1   barks2’
In sentences with pronominal subjects, the subject reference changes in the same way as for the first report. The major difference is the degree of validity
(200)
/h1   cimymhala2/ `(t is said that)2 I1 am not sleepy2’
(201)
/nyś1    cimy mhala2/ (it is said that)2   I1   am   not   sleepy’
(202)
/cyį1    cimy mhala2/ `(it is said that)2   he1   is   not   sleepy2’
In the context, the first report alwaysmakes clear the speaker of the original sentence.
2.5.3.2.8.	Negation
Negation is expressed in three ways in Mishmi.
(1)	The equational sentences without a copula take the form /ąym/ to express negation.
(203)
/hwč1   gwįg2   ąym3/ ‘I1   am   not3  a   priest2’
(204)
/éwčgõ1   majyįrąyk2   ąym3/ ‘the cat2   is   not3   here1’
The existential sentences also take the form /ąym/.
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/pķyawč1   masįnky2  ąym3/ ‘the bird1   is   not3   in   the   tree2’
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/macéygwč1    tįphragõ2   ąym3/ ‘(there) is no3  water1   in   the   river2’
The form /ąym/ can be analyzed as /ą/ + /ym/ where /ą/ is one of the paradigmatic forms of the existential verb /ģ-/ ‘to be’ and /-y m/ is the negative suffix.
All other cases of negative formation are by either suffixation or syncretic forms.
(2)	Suffixation:
There are two negative suffixes /-y m/ and /- m/. /- m/ is used to mark negation in the following instances.
(i) When the permissive mood is negated.