| 
      
        
          | /t  |  -/ 
 
 | `to wear (clothes)’ 
 
 |  | 
              
    | (3) Instrument - Inclusive Verbs : 
 
 | 
              
    | 
      
        
          | /kwag-/ | `to hit (with hand)’ |  
          | /aba-/ | `to hit (with a weapon)’ |  
          | /pi-/ 
 
 | `to cut (with an axe or a tusk, as an elephant does)’ 
 
 |  | 
              
    | (4) Place-Inclusive Verbs : 
 
 | 
              
    | 
      
        
          | /bā-/ | `to carry (as a child)’ |  
          | /kaw  -/ | `to carry (as a spear)’ |  
          | /pag-/ | `to carry (piggyback)’ |  
          | /glįg-/ 
 
 | `to carry (on head)’ 
 
 |  | 
              
    | (5) Path-Inclusive Verbs : 
 
 | 
              
    | 
      
        
          | /pā-/ 
 
 | `to cross (on a bridge)’ 
 
 |  | 
              
    | 2.5.2.2. 
 
 | Semantic Classification : 
 | 
              
    | It is necessary to classify the verbs semantically since 
    we draw upon these semantic characteristics to describe the morpho-syntactic
      behavior of the verbs. 
 
 | 
              
    | 2.5.2.2.1 
 
 | States : 
 | 
              
    | A state is one conceived of as existing, rather than 
    happening, and as being continuous and unchanging throughout its duration. 
    They are specified as a condition, emotion, attribute or a quality. The 
    verbs require an experience or an object as the subject. | 
              
    | (i) Existential Verb : | 
              
    | There is only one such verb which specifies 
    the existence of or belongingness to the subject, entity or being. 
 
 | 
              
    | 
      
        
          | /  -/ 
 
 | `to be/to have’ 
 
 |  | 
              
    | (ii) Ambient State Verbs : 
 
 | 
              
    | These are states which represent a 
    total environment in themselves without the need to refer to any being or 
    entity within the environment. 
 
 | 
              
    | 
      
        
          | /jśw  -/ | `to be cold’ |  
          | /thayga-/ 
 
 | `to be hot’ 
 
 |  | 
              
    | (iii) Qualitative State Verbs : | 
              
    | These are states which specify the 
    innate qualities or attributes. 
 
 | 
              
    | 
      
        
          | /prą-/ | `to be good’ |  
          | /sy  -/ | `to be fair in complexion’ |  
          | /lyō-/ 
 
 | `to be white’ 
 
 |  | 
              
    | (iv) Sensory State Verbs : | 
              
    | These are states specified as mental 
    or physiological that can be experienced or perceived only by the speaker. 
 
 | 
              
    | 
      
        
          | /nyņ-/ | `to ache’ |  
          | /masy  tyó-/ | `to be hungry’ |  
          | /dłka-/ | `to be sad’ |  
          | /heló-/ 
 
 | `to be happy’ 
 
 |  | 
              
    | These are psychological states which 
    represent the emotional relationships or perceptual abilities. 
 
 
 |