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/t-/

`to wear (clothes)’

(3) Instrument - Inclusive Verbs :

/kwag-/ `to hit (with hand)’
/aba-/ `to hit (with a weapon)’
/pi-/

`to cut (with an axe or a tusk, as an elephant does)’

(4) Place-Inclusive Verbs :

/bā-/ `to carry (as a child)’
/kaw-/ `to carry (as a spear)’
/pag-/ `to carry (piggyback)’
/glįg-/

`to carry (on head)’

(5) Path-Inclusive Verbs :

/pā-/

`to cross (on a bridge)’

 2.5.2.2.

Semantic Classification :
 
It is necessary to classify the verbs semantically since we draw upon these semantic characteristics to describe the morpho-syntactic behavior of the verbs.

2.5.2.2.1

States :
 
A state is one conceived of as existing, rather than happening, and as being continuous and unchanging throughout its duration. They are specified as a condition, emotion, attribute or a quality. The verbs require an experience or an object as the subject.
(i) Existential Verb :
There is only one such verb which specifies the existence of or belongingness to the subject, entity or being.

/-/

`to be/to have’

(ii) Ambient State Verbs :

These are states which represent a total environment in themselves without the need to refer to any being or entity within the environment.

/jśw -/ `to be cold’
/thayga-/

`to be hot’

(iii) Qualitative State Verbs :
These are states which specify the innate qualities or attributes.

/prą-/ `to be good’
/sy-/ `to be fair in complexion’
/lyō-/

`to be white’

(iv) Sensory State Verbs :
These are states specified as mental or physiological that can be experienced or perceived only by the speaker.

/nyņ-/ `to ache’
/masy tyó-/ `to be hungry’
/dłka-/ `to be sad’
/heló-/

`to be happy’

These are psychological states which represent the emotional relationships or perceptual abilities.


 

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