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/kadtya /  `neatly’
/taméya/  `madly’
/bśpą/
`suddenly’
2.2.4.2.  

Structure of an Adverb :
 

Adverbs, in Mishmi, are derived from other classes. An adverb contains a stem or a bound morpheme and an adverbializing suffix. The structure shows only the inner layer of stem formation and centers on the morphological processes that modify the semantic content of the stems to form stems of varying complexity. The study of the structure fails to show any simple adverb stems.

 2.2.4.2.1. 

Primary Derived Stems :
 
These are the polymorphemic stems consisting of two bound morphemes. The structure is parallel to the case inflexion of nouns, specifically, the spatio-temporal inflexions. Hence the first part of the stem may be considered on par with a noun but without free-occurrence.

/ya-gõ/
`across’

Other stems are analyzable into bound morphemes but the individual morphemes cannot be assigned any class membership.

/bś-dõ/ `again’
/bś-pį/ `suddenly’
/bś-ge/ `sometimes’
/bś-tył/ `sometimes’
/mį-tył/ `soon’
/ -d/
`more’

2.2.4.2.2.:


Secondary Derived Stems
 
These are polymorphemic stems derived from simple stems by suffixing an adverbializer or a case marker. The simple stem is either a noun or an adjective.

 2.2.4.2.2.1.

Derivatives from Adjectives :
 
The derivative suffixes are /-jyim/, /-tyą/, /-a/ and /-ų. The first two are in free variation in most cases. In the examples given below, the structure is read as adjective-adverbializer.
/kapį-tyą/ `alone, lonely’
/kad tyą / `neatly’
/kad-jyim/ `neatly’
/mi-tyą / `newly’
/mi-jyim/ `newly’
/biyõ-jyim/ `innocently’
/tamé-tyą/ `madly’
/tamé-jyim/ `madly’
/dłk-a/ `sadly, unhappily’
/tįwč-a/ `conscienciously’
/įsa-ų/  `freshly’
/prą-ų/
 
 
2.2.4.2.2.2. 


Derivatives from Nouns :
 
All locative Noun Phrases function as adverbials in sentences.


 

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