5.1.1.3.
|
Agentive
nouns/Participial nouns |
Agentive nouns, when they are derived from the
verb, are all participial nouns with a class of
exceptions to be discussed shortly
|
| 370.
|
1. |
oso ho |
‘to hunt’ |
| |
|
oso ko-ho |
‘hunting (participial
adjective)’ |
| |
|
oso ko-ho-müi |
‘hunter’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
oso da |
‘to butcher animals’ |
| |
|
oso ka-da |
‘butchering (participial
adjective)’ |
| |
|
oso ka-da-müi |
‘butcher’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
3. |
osü de |
‘to cut/hack wood’ |
| |
|
osü ka-de |
‘wood-hacking (participial
adjective)’ |
| |
|
osü ka-de-müi |
‘wood-hacker’ |
| |
|
|
|
| |
4. |
pfo |
‘to carry’ |
| |
|
ko-pfo |
‘carrying (participial
adjective)’ |
| |
|
ko-pfo-müi |
‘carrier’ |
| |
|
odzü ko-pfo-müi |
‘water-carrier’ |
| |
|
|
|
| |
5. |
modo pi |
‘to teach’ |
| |
|
modo |
‘teaching (participial)’ |
| |
|
modo ka-pi-müi |
‘teacher’ |
|
Note the following examples where müi the agentive
suffix is added not to a participle but to a sequence
of the verb root and a derived adverb
|
| good player |
kokhru
mazhü-müi |
| |
|
| good swimmer |
odzü
da mazhü-müi |
|
5.1.1.4.
|
Participial
Adjectives |
Prefixation
|
| 371 |
ai-no1
ka-pe2
iniu3
|
(the)village3thatI1mention(ed)
2 |
|
Suffixation
|
|
372 |
1. |
ai-no1
pe-ko-o2 iniu3 |
|
|
(the) village3
that2
I1
mentioned2
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
ai1
mono-ko-ru2
nie o3
|
| |
|
(the) female3
that2
I1
will marry2
|
| |
|
|
|
|
3. |
pfo-no1
pe-o ko-bu2
larübvü3
|
|
|
(the) book3
that2
she1
is talking about2
|
|
5.1.1.5.
|
Gerunds
|
|
Prefixation |
|
373 |
vu |
‘come’ |
ko-vu |
| |
|
|
|
| |
ta |
‘go’ |
ka-ta |
| |
|
|
|
| |
pfo |
‘carry’ |
ko-pfo |
| |
|
|
|
| |
rü |
‘write’ |
ko-rü |
| |
|
|
|
| |
ko |
‘to call’
|
ko-ko |
| |
|
|
|
| |
to
|
‘eat’ |
ko-to |
| |
|
|
|
| |
sho |
‘drink’ |
ko-sho’ |
|
Suffixation
|
|
374 |
to |
‘eat’
|
to-koco |
| |
|
|
|
| |
torü
|
‘to stitch’
|
torü-koco |
| |
|
|
|
| |
ni |
‘to see’
|
ni-koco |
| |
|
|
|
| |
modo
|
‘to learn’
|
modo-koco |
| |
|
|
|
| |
sü |
‘to know’
|
sü-kolo |
| |
|
|
|
| |
ni
|
‘to catch’ |
ni-kolo |
| |
|
|
|
| |
ozhi
|
‘to sleep’
|
ozhi-koco |
| |
|
|
|
| |
kra |
‘to weep’
|
kra-koco |
| |
|
|
|
| |
zhu |
‘to sell’
|
zhu-koco |
| |
|
|
|
| |
kokru
|
‘to play’
|
kokra-koco |
| |
|
|
|
| |
odzü-da |
‘to
swim’ |
odzü-da-koco |
| |
|
|
|
| |
mana
|
‘be late’
|
mana-koco |
|
5.2.
|
Compounding |
|
Compounding is a
regular and a very productive source of word-formation.
A compound is a unitized complex of typically
two but possibly three or more independent lexical
units. A linguistic compound could be defined
on three axes-the phonetic-syntactic, the semantic
and the syntactic. We shall call them the phonetic-syntactic
criterion, the semantic criterion and the syntactic
criterion. The first two parameters, axes, structural
properties or defining criteria are sufficient
without being necessary whereas the last one is
both necessary and sufficient. These could be
used as diagnostic tools to tell compound multi-word
complexes from noncompound multi-word complexes. |
5.2.1.a. |
Structural Criteria |
|
1. |
The
Phonetic-Syntactic Criterion |
The ‘phonetic’ part of the phonetic-syntactic
criterion states that there could be no potential
pause between the constituent elements of a compound.
|
