|
11 |
osi1-na-hi2omüi-na-yi- i3
|
the2
dog1 bit4
the man3 |
| |
maki-oie4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
kholi-no1
okho-yi2 jal3
-no4
|
Kholi1
caught5 fish2
with4 (a) net2
|
| |
isü-loe5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13. |
sibo-no1a2si-na-yi-i3dae4
|
sibo1
beat4 my2
dog3 |
| |
|
|
|
14. |
ona-o-no1ozhie-yi2nie3
|
the child1
saw3 (the) rat2
|
| |
|
|
|
15. |
pfo-hi1tukrü-yi2
koli-o bue3
|
he1
is looking after2
the cow 2 |
| |
|
|
|
16. |
sokoho-pfo-na-hi1
|
the hunter1
shot3 (the) squirrel
2 |
| |
kolopha-yi2
shu-oie3
|
|
| |
|
|
|
17 |
ni1
ni2 vo-yi3
zhu-lo4
|
you1
sell4 your
2 pig(s) 3
|
| |
|
|
|
18 |
ai1niyi2duno3omüi-na-yi-i4
|
I1
quarrelled5 with
the man4 for3
your sake2 |
| |
kozüe 5 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Plants |
|
| 462
|
1. |
a-no1
oca omo-yi 2
nie3 |
I1
saw3 the crops2
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
2.
|
pfo-sa-no1
osübu-na-yi-hi2
|
they (excl. pl.)1
tended3 the tree
2 |
| |
|
kolie3 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
3.
|
jeims-no1
zhubi-na-yi-hi2
|
James1
broke5 the ?2
with4 (a) stone3
|
| |
|
otu3
-no4 dakhoe5
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
4. |
sübu-o-ta-yi1
shu (pi)-hio2 |
plant2
the small plants1
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
5. |
ozhie dzü-no1
propa-yi2 |
so (the)-frost1
has destroyed3
the |
| |
|
mashü-oie
3 flowers2
|
|
|
-yi is optionally but in fact typically absent
with DO NP’s which are closed by (a) numerals in general
and is obligatorily absent with one cardinal viz. kali ‘one’
(b) demonstratives and (c) optionally but in fact typically
present with DO NP’s closed by quantifiers.
|
| |
|
|
{
kosü-(yi) }3 |
|
| |
|
|
{
padi-(yi) } |
|
|
463 |
a. |
ai1
omüi2 |
{
kaxi-(yi) } |
dae4
|
| |
|
|
{
*kali-yi } |
|
| |
|
|
{
kali } |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
{
three-(acc) }3 |
|
| |
|
|
{
four-(acc) } |
|
|
|
|
I1
beat2 |
{ two -(acc) } |
man/men 4 |
| |
|
|
{
*one-acc } |
|
| |
|
|
{
one- O } |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
b. |
|
lokhru-(yi)-i
|
‘those’ |
| |
|
|
sü-na-(yi)-sü
|
‘those’ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
c. |
|
nieo1
kamüiko(yi)2
|
some2
females1 |
| |
|
|
nieo1
hopfü(yi)2
|
all2
females 1 |
|
-yi with numerals, quantifiers (illustrated above)
and with nonhuman interrogative direct object (adi ‘what’)
(illustrated below) carries a sense of definiteness while
with demonstratives, it signifies emphasis.
|
| 464
|
a. |
ni1
adi2 so3
le4 |
what2 will4 you1 do3
? |
|
|
b. |
ni adi-yi
so le |
|
|
The first sentence has a general sense while the second
is more specific in that it seeks to know what among
so many possible choices the (referent of the) subject
is going to do. This constitutes one of the only two
instances where an inanimate DO NP is marked (by -yi).
The other instance is when -yi carries a comparative
sense with verbs like kahi ‘be near to’
|
|
465 |
a. |
a1 cü2
ni3 cü4 kahi)e5
|
|
| |
|
my1 house2
is near5 your3 |
house4 (absolute statement) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
b. |
a1 cü2
ni3 cü-yi4 kahi)e5
|
|
| |
|
my1 house2
is nearer5 your2 |
house4 (than somebody else’s) |
| |
|
|
(comparative statement) |
|
|
Optionally of -yi with DO NP’s descriptive
of living beings, whenever it is possible at all,
is felt to be harsh, in appropriate and slang.
|
| |
|
|
{amaaramüi-yi}2 |
|
| 466
|
1.
|
a1 |
{
} |
nie 3 |
| |
|
|
{amaramüi} |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
I1
saw3 (a)
madman2
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
{ahie-yi}2 |
|
| |
2.
|
ni1 |
{
} |
odzü pae3
|
| |
|
|
{ahie} |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
whom2
do3 you
(sg)1 like3
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
{nana-yi}2 |
|
| |
3.
|
ahia1 |
{
} |
papa-o bue3
|
| |
|
|
{nana
} |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Athia1
is carrying3
(a) baby2
|
pick-a-back3
|
|
