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12a.  a1 pfü2 cükohuni3 baji pongo4 he no5 ki-we6
  my1 mother2 gets up6 daily3 around5 5 o’clock4

 

b.

 { a1 pfü-no2 }  
     {                  } cükohuni3 ayi peno4 baji pongo5 heno6 aku
        {*a pfü } ho/ki-we 7

my1 mother2 makes me4 get up7 daily3 around6 5 o’clock5 Finally, ergativity is realized in all tenses, not in the progressive aspect and only in the indicative mood (?). In these above-elucidated specifiable linguistic contexts, the Mao subject is marked obligatorily for ergativity by no. Further, the direct object of the (di)transitive verb and the subject of the intrasitive verb do not constitute a unified category throughout, as in classical ergative languages, for, in crucial sentences like
 

445

 ai (no)1 pfoyi2 ni3 he4 moko5 le6
  I1 will6 send5 her2 to4 you3
   

446

 pfota-no1 pfo2 he3 nieopüi-yi-sü4 mani-e5
  they1 showed5 him2, 3 the girl4

the animate direct object is marked by -yi and the subject of intrasitive verbs is unmarked for subjecthood in Mao.
 
The subject may encode various participant roles : agent (egs. 447 a-i), affectative (egs. 448 a-e), experience (egs. 449 a-g), existential (egs. 450 a-h), place (egs. 451 a-c) and time (egs. 452 a-d)

agent
 

447

.a.  pfo1 cükohuni2 hayi3 sho-we4 he1 drinks4 ricebeer3 daily2
 

b.

tasoni1 ta-e2 Tasoni1 went away2
 

c.

 nili-no1 nisa-yi2 da pie3 Nili1 beat3 Nisa 2
 

d.

pfo-hi1 ocü-na-hi2 osi3 (no) ye4 he1 built6 the house2 out of wood 3
    mahe-no5 so-e6 and4 grass5  
 

e.

 a1 dzürie-o2 odzü akhrü-o bu-e3 my1 elder brother2 is washing body
      parts3
 

f.

 ata1 ophi2 no3 vu-e4 we (excl.prn.& excl. prn.)1 came4
      on3 foot2
 

g.

 ai1 ovo so2 mo-e3  I1 did not3 work2
 

h.

 raho-nahi1 jal2 -lino3 zhi-e4 the bird1 flew4 out of 3 (the) nest2
    pra lo-ie  

affectative
 
448 a. iniu-li1 movuo2 thi-ie3    the village1 headman2 died3
 

b.

süda1 aca-i-e2   (the) stick1 broke2
     

{ -lino }3

 
 

c.

ona pfoosü1 ocü pi 2

{        }

adu kroie4
     

{ -vano}

 
         
    the boy1 fell4 from 3 the roof top2  

Experiencer
 
449 .a. pfo1 tsüpfü-e2 he1 is proud, brassy 2
 

b.

saleo1 ole mazhi-i-e2 Saleo1 is sad2
 

c.

 takhra-sü1 carü-i-e2 Takhra 1 is thirsty2
 

d.

 henia-sü1 mozü-i-e2 Henia1 is hungry2
 

e.

 loli1 loliayi2 mari-e3 Loli1 resembles3 Lolia2
 

f.

 manini 1 mikrüla2 sü-we3 Manini1 knows3 Manipuri2
 

g.

 ai1hu-no-i2 momu-we3  I1 remember3 the day2

Existential
 
450 a.  pfo1 mamüi / onga zhü-e2 he1 is handsome2
 

b.

iniu-na-hi1 i-e2 ana3 mohiu-e4the village1 is small2 but3 clean4
 

c.

 pfo1 ohrü zhü-e2 ye3 osa dzü-e4 she1 is fat2 and3 short4
 

d.

 piko1 ohrü shü-e2 (the) knife1 is blunt2
 

e.

 okhro1 ohrü zhü-e2 (the) dao1 is sharp2
 

f.

 atamüi1 imemüi-ko-e2  we (excl. prn. & excl. pl.)1 (are)
      Maos2
 

g.

 hihi1 larücü-ko-e2 this1 is (a) school 2
 

h.

pfo-i1 cüvemüi-ko-e 2 he1 is (a) thief 2

Place
 
451 a. robvemüicü1 jü-e2 Punanamai1 is big2

b.

cobohõmüicü1 ihõ zhü-e2 Choynum1 is picturesque2

c.

 

ata-zhü1 iniu2 kati3 -ko-e4

 

ours (excl. pl. & excl. prn.)1 (is) a

 

 

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