morph -noy. -non
and -tha are polite forms of the imperative that are used
within the family and outside the family respectively. -tu
is the comman form. The subject is in the second person and is
optional.
vanon~vanoy
‘come’
vatha
‘come’
vatu
‘come (command)’
cejunnoy
‘drink yourself’
The imperative follows
the honorific marker ik if the later is present.
va?iknon
‘come’
va?iktha
‘come’
va?iktu
‘come’
It also follows the
prohibitive ri.
vari
‘don’t come (Prohibition)’
varinon
‘don’t come (Prohibition)’
Honorific
When the subject pronoun
has the honorific -li or when the subject is a respect
person, the verb takes the honorific -ik. If -ik
is present in a verb, the other verbal suffix follow it.
natum
cotha
‘you (Pl.) eat’
nalitum
co?iktha
‘you (Pl.) (Hon.) eat
(Hon.)’
neli dam?iklo
‘I (Hon.) ate (Hon.)’
nelitum co?iknajima
‘should we (Excl.)
(Hon.) eat (Hon.)?’
Negation
ave is the
suppletive form of the verb do ‘be, stay, have’ and is
used to express negation in existential and possessive
sentences.
hadak ok do
‘there is fish’
hadak ok ave
‘there is no fish’
ne hem do
‘I have a house’
ne hem ave
‘I donot have a house’
la ne nude
‘this is my umbrella’
la ne nud kali
‘this is not my umbrella’
kali is used to
form negation in equational and descriptive sentences and is
added after the nominal predicates and the descriptive
adjectives respectively. It can also occur after verbal nouns
functioning as predicate.
ne kam keklem kali
‘I am not working’
-e is added to
the verb root to express negation in active sentences. When this
negative form is added to a monosyllabic verb root, the first
consonant or consonant cluster is duplicated before -e
and when it is added to polysyllabic verb roots, the
non~va
