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Vocative Case

This is the case of addressing and in this language there are two suffixes {-ya} & {a} used in singular and similarly {-y} and {-o} in plural. In case of human masculine nouns, the noun with {-ya}, {-y0} indicates intimacy, equality in status or younger in age and {-a} {-o} shows the absence of these features. For example one cannot use {-ya}, {-yo} with the forms when addressing father, grand-father, uncle etc., but in case the uncle is younger in age then {-ya} suffix can be used but would mean a very informal expression. Before this case form /o/ or /o re/ are added as address markers when addressing nouns belonging to masculine gender and only /o/ is used before the feminine nouns.

A few examples are given below to state all the case forms:

gero	clyo	jy€		‘The	boy	is	going’
1	2	3			1		2-3

gera	clya	jyẽ		‘The	boys	are	going’
1	2	3			1		2-3

gera	n€	mInna	tlIyo	‘The	boy	gave	me	the	towel’
1	2	3	4		1-2	4	2		3
		dItto
		5

gerã	n€	wo	maryo		‘The	boys	beat	him'
1	2	3	4			1-2	4	3

o	gerya,	meri	gl	sU	‘O	boy,	listen	to me	(my	matter)
1	2	3	4	5	1	2	5	3-4	3	4

o	re	gerya	meri	gl	sU	‘O	boy,	listen	to me’
1	2	3	4	5	5	1-2	3	6	4-5

o	geryo,	meir	gl	Uo	‘O	boys,	listen	to me’
1	2	3	4	5	1	2	5	3-4

o	baba	‘O	father’
1	2	1	2

o	caca	‘O	uncle’
1	2	1	2

o	cacya	‘O uncle	(with less respect’)
1	2	1	2

o	caco	‘O	uncles!’
1	2	1	2

geri	jy€	lgi	wi	‘The	girl	is	going’
1	2	3	4		1		2-3-4

gerĩ	jy€	lgĩ	wĩ	‘The	girls	are	going’
1	2	3	4		1		2-3-4

geri	na	blao	‘Call	the	girl’
1	2	3	3		1-2

o	gerIye,	meri	gl	sUo	‘O	girl,	listen	to me’
1	2	3	4	5	1	2	5	3-4

o	gerIyo,	meri	gl	sUo	‘O	girls,	listen	to me
1	2	3	4	5	1	2	5	3-4

dand	kà	khy€		‘The	bullock	eats	the	grass’
1	2	3-4			1	3-4		2

mera	ko€	do	dand		‘I	have	two	bullocks’
1	2	3	4	5	1	2-5	3	4

dand

kà

pao

‘Put

the

grass

the

bullock’

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