{-Ung  -}
is also added to animate noun stem to form the diminutive i.e., young one
of the source noun and it can take the morphological suffixes for both the
genders. It is not very productive. For example:
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kUtt-o
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‘dog’
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ktUng -o
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‘male puppy’
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ktUng-i
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‘female puppy’
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Certain nouns are formed by two elements functioning like a single unit
and there is some morphophonemic alteration in this process. Compound
nouns in the language are formed variously such as by partical
reduplication of the noun stems termed as echo-words, by joining two
constituents having similar meanings and by linking affixes. All these are
described below:
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(i) Echo-Words:
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Such words are formed in this language by altering the first consonant
to /š/ in
the second reduplicated element and there is no change in the first
element which is meaningful. The second element is only the echo-form does
not occur by itself, extends the meaning of the stem like ‘such things
etc.’ A few examples are :
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gp-šp
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‘gossip etc.’
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mal-šal
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‘cattle etc.’
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bkro-škro
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‘he-goat etc.’
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pa i-šai
|
‘water etc.’
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kài-šai
|
‘story etc.’
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gera-šera
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‘boys etc.’
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ro i-šoi
|
‘bread etc.’
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(ii)
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In this type both the elements have similar meanings or both are synonms but these elements occur in the same order. The second element
simply extends the meaning of the first element. A few examples are:
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gl-bat
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‘talks’
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ciz-bst
|
‘equipments’
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dekh-pàl
|
‘care’
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(iii)
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There are some compound nouns formed with the linking affix such as {-r-}
taking the gender-number suffix of the following nouns. Some kinship terms
are formed in this way in which two kinship nouns are linked with the
suffix {r-} and in the first element there is some morphophonemic change.
A few examples are :
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mtrero
pài
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‘step brother’
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mtreri
b
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‘step sister’
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where as/matre/
|
‘step mother’
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Besides some other compound nouns denoting kinships are formed by {-er}
linking affix in which the alternant of the first element is used. (Their
origin may be from genitive phrase). Examples are :
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phpher
b
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‘father’s sister’s daughter’
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phpher
pài
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‘father’s sister’s son’
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| where as /phupào/
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‘father’s sister’s husband’
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|
/phuphi/
|
‘father’s sister’
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|
/pter
pài
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‘father’s brother’s son’
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where as/pItIyo/
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|
‘father’s brother’ |
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mler
pài
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‘mother’s brother’s son’
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where as /mamo/
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is ‘mother’s brother’ |
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mser
pài
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‘‘mother’s sister’s son’
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mser
b
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‘mother’s sister’s daughter’
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where as/mso/
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‘mother’s sister’s husband’
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