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Auxiliary verbs in this language occur as a final member after the
inflected from of the verbs (simple constituted of a single verbal stem or
compound constituted of two or more verb stems) in a verb phrase.
Auxiliary verbs are of two types-tense auxiliaries and desiderative
auxiliary. Tense forms-present and past occur as copulative full verb in
the copula sentences. Like other verbs auxiliaries can also be written as
auxiliary stem plus concord suffixes such as person-number and
gender-number which are the same as in the main verbs. But present tense
auxiliary forms are indivisible mark the person-number distinction. These
auxiliaries are listed below :
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Tense Auxiliaries
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Present Tense Auxiliary :
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Singular
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Plural |
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Ist
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 /
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IInd
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IIIrd
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Past Tense Auxiliary :
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These forms are formed by adding gender-number suffixes to the stem
/t*-/. Thus the forms are :
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Singular
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Plural |
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Masculine
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tho
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tha
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Feminine
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thi
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thĩ
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Desiderative Auxiliary
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Ist
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ã
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ã
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IInd
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a
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ã
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IIIrd
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a
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ã
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A few examples are :
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Tense auxiliaries occurring as main verbs :
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wo
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gero
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th ttho
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tho
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‘That
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boy
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was
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stammer’
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| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
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Auxiliaries occurring after the inflected verbal forms :
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hũ
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jaũ
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‘I
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am
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going’
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| 1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
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gero
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geyo
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tho
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‘The
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boy
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had
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gone’
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2 |
3 |
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1 |
3 |
2 |
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hũ
jaũ
ã
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‘If I had gone’
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wo km
kr€
a
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‘(If) he had worked’
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etc.
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(See Verb Phrase for details)
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Non-finite Forms :
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So far we have described the verbal inflection and their use as finite
forms. Out of them bare stem, participles and infinitives are used as
nonfinite also. These verbal forms are used as nouns, adjectives and
adverbs.
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Verbal nouns :
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Infinitive forms are also used as nouns.
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Examples are:
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akţ
