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  Grammatical Elements
ku ‘perfective aspect marker’
kum ‘added to indicate the collective involvement in an action’
ke  ‘added to indicate that the subject is able to do the action’
kene ‘(i) used to form causative constructions
(ii) added to form permissive constructions’
ko ‘(i) added to express ‘one before’,
(ii) added to the verb when passive are formed,
(iii) added as allative case marker,
(iv) added to form locative noun,
(v) added to verb to form locative nominals,
(vi) added to the embedded verb (when locative nouns are relativized)’
koda ‘added to the sentences to convert them to conditional clauses’
g  ‘(i) added to the verb to indicate change in the position or posture,
(ii) added to indicate the action is done to guide someone’
gu ‘added to the verb to indicate the change over one topic/action to another’
g ‘added to the verb to indicate that the subject has surpassed others in the action’
gog  ‘added to indicate that the work that is being performed is a pending work’
gya ‘added to the verb to indicate that the action is done in a wrong way, unknowingly’
gyo  ‘added to indicate that the action is to be returned as a debt’
gy ‘added to the verb to indicate the mixing of two or more items’
‘used as a numeral meaning ‘one’
e ‘used to form imperatives (remote)’
eti ‘added to the verb to form permissive constructions (2nd person)’
o ‘(i) used as a numeral to mean ‘five’
(ii) added to the verb to indicate that half of the work is done (semi-completive)’
 ‘added to the verb to indicate that the action came to an end’
ca ‘added to indicate that the object is moving to a lower plain’
ci ‘non-proximal future marker’
cika ‘added to sentences to form comparative constructions’
ci ‘added to indicate that the subject knows the action  very well’
 

 

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