‘he kicked Kago twice (i.e., two kicks
at the same time)’
m
so roe
ate.
he here once come-p.t.
‘he came here once’
m
anyinpa
ine
he second-adv. go-p.t.
‘he went second’
Word
Formation
Compounds
:Compound words are formed by combining words in certain
order. The word may have different syntactic relationship
that can be captured by identifying the underlying relationship.
A sample is given below:
Subject-Predicate
Relation -
yalajinbo
‘rolling stone’
stone roll-nom.
Noun-Noun
Construction -
pca
paku
‘utensils’
plate saucer
yasi pinta
‘water pot’
water pot
Subject-Locative
-
ude kubu
‘rat of the house’
house rat
kle
i
‘fish of the river’
river fish
more san
tree of the jungle’
forest tree
Object-Instrument
-
santa ude
‘wooden house’
wood house
Object-Predicate
-
yasi sl
‘water carrier’
water carry
Object-Purposive
-
paro asi
‘cage/box for keeping fowl’
fowl cage
aki asi
‘cage/box for keeping dog’
dog cage
mpya
sùdu
‘box to keep the rice’
rice box
Possessive-Headnoun
-
s
yo
‘beef’
cattle meat
ude tuli
pillar of the house’
house pillar
ude xonca
‘corner of the house’
house corner
Nouns
Derived from Verb Roots : Action nouns are derived
in Apatani from the verb roots by adding the suffix ‘n’
to them. This is a very productive and regular process by
which action nouns are formed from verb roots.
kago mi unye k
b
e
ate.
mpya
