A brief resume of the work done so far on Angami is given below:
1. R.B.McCabe: Outline Grammar of
the Angami Naga Language : With Vocabulary and Illustrative
Sentences Calcutta 1887. Presumably the first attermp to
work out a grammar of Angami and a fairly good attempt.
McCabe bases his grammar on the Khonoma, Mozema and Jotsoma
dialects and not on the standard Kohima dialect on which
the present grammar is based. It is available in the National
Library, Calcutta.
2. Robbins Burling: Angami Naga Phonemics and Wordlist,
Indian Linguistics Vo.21 (1960)
3. Capt. J. Butler: Rough notes on the Angami Nagas and
their language in the Jounal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
Vol.44 Part 1, 1875.
4. George Abraham Grierson: Linguistic Survey of India
Vol. 3 part 2. Calcutta 1903.
5. The Parts on Angami in G.E.Marrison’s ‘The classification
of the Naga languages of North-East India’ vols. 1 -
2, London 1967.
6. Haralu: Angami-English Dictionary Part 1, Journal
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. 29, 1933. Edited by
J.H.Hutton containing only about 1000 entries.
7. S.W.Rivenburg: Phrases in English and Angami Naga Kohima,
1905.
8. J.H.Hutton: The Angami Nagas. London 1921. This is mainly
an anthropological account of the Angamis and the note on
the language is reproduced verbatim from Grierson’s Linguistic
Survey of India.
9. G.W.Supplee: Kephrda
Keriau-First Reader in Angami Naga. Kohima, 1930.
10. J.E.T: A Primer of Angami Naga, Kohima, 1915.
11. Hisale Piennuo:
The First Gate into Angami and English, Kohima, 1931.
12. Angami Lesh
Keriau. Kohima, American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society
1923. Primer and Arithmetic.
13. Angami Naga Word Division - Spelling. The revised
edition, (1973) Revised by R. Sekhose Angami.
14. N. Ravindran: Angami Phonetic Reader CIIL, Mysore
1974.
Less
revealing are works like ‘Angami Vyakaran’ (1970) by the Nagaland
Bhasha Parishad and R. Sekhose Angami’s Initiatory Grammar
in Angami Naga which bristle with loopholes because of their
traditional framework of description. The last named viz.
Rzhkrie
Sekhose Angami, a native Angami, has written a series of books
on the language. ‘Angami Idiomatic Expressions’ (1967) and
‘Angami Naga Folklore’ (1970) are his two important contributions.
He is also compiling an ‘Angami English’ dictionary at the
moment.
A
word about the present grammar. This grammar is organised
into six major chapters : Phonology, Morphology-Noun and Verb,
Particles, Word-Formation and Syntax. Tagged on to the grammar
is a text in Anagmi (a folk tale) with morpheme-by-morpheme
explication.
The
chapter on Phonology is an attempt to describe and phonemicize
Angami speech sounds and tones. Angami Phonology Revisited
restates some interesting features of Angami Phonology. In
the Introductory Remarks of the chapter on Noun Morphology
Angami word is defined and various wordclasses established.
Angami word is defined and various wordclasses established.
Then various aspects of Noun Morphology are discussed- The
Substantive, Gender, Number, The Article, The Pronoun, Case
Relationships and so on. The section on The Adjective closes
this chapter. In the chapter on Verb Morphology the verb is
defined to start with, before the various aspects of Angami
Verb Morphology are dealt with- Semantic classes, Valency-Role
Markers, Causativization, Tense, Aspect, Mood and so on. This
chapter ends with an explication of the Angami adverb. A small
chapter on Particles deals with the particles in Angami. This
is followed by a chapter on Word-Formation which discusses
and Compounding. The last chapter on Syntax, the weakest leg
in the Phonology-Morphology-Syntax tripod, deals with the
composition and characteristics of the different constituents
of an Angami sentence - The Noun Phrase, The verb Phrase and
The Clause. This chapter ends with a brief discussion
of the three types of sentences - Simple, Compound and Coxplex.
The
superscribed numbering in the Angami phrases and sentences
and in their English glosses are merely suggestive and are
meant only for better comprehension. They by no means mean
exact and adequate equivalents. The superscribed number may
often refer not just to the morpheme on which it is found
but to all that follows the previous superscript. For instance
in d
pu
z
k
me
hi
yesterda
the superscript 3 refers not just to z
but to pu
z.
Bracketed elements while brackets in the English glosses by
and large denote the non-realisation of the bracketed elements
in the Angami sentences or in some cases their non-occurrence
in English. Space in the Angami phrases and sentences means
word juncture while a dash will mean a morpheme boundary,
which is marked by a dash will mean a morpheme boundary, which
is marked by a dash only when morpheme-by-morpheme meaning
does not make itself apparent. Language data in morphology
and syntax is in phonemic writing, although phonemic stants
are not used.
Theoretical
polemics and squabbles are sought to be avoided and the analysis
is based almost purely on formal considerations.
For the benefit of the native speaker the following correspondences
of symbols used in this grammar and the symbols used in his
orthography may be given:
It should be noted here that
and
used is this grammar do not always correspond to sh and zh
in the orthography. They may be represented by s and z also
depending on the tone of the syllable of which they are a
part.
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